Lotrisone. Nystatin. Gramicidin. Betamethasone. Triamcinolone Acetonide. Clotrimazole. Neomycin. Superficial fungal infections are among the most commonly managed skin problems by general practitioners. Although evidence shows combination antifungal/corticosteroid topicals are more expensive and less effective than single …Mar 3, 2024 · Antifungal drugs are a class of medications that are used to treat invasive fungal infections. There is a wide range of types, strengths, formulations, and uses for the medications in this class. Each of these medications works by killing fungi-causing infection and/or stopping the fungi from continuing to grow. Make these spanakopita pockets fast and extra crispy in the air fryer. One of my favorite types of dinner is snack-feast dinner. My boyfriend and I will make two or three piles of ...Fungus in the soil, air and on your skin can cause yeast infections, ringworm, and nail and skin infections. Breathing in fungal spores can lead to respiratory …Option 1: Honey. Honey is one the oldest known antibiotics, tracing back to ancient times. Egyptians frequently used honey as a natural antibiotic and skin protectant. Honey contains hydrogen ...Antifungal resistance is an increasingly serious public health issue. This is due to several factors, including climate change, overuse of agricultural fungicides, and overprescription of ...Jul 24, 2023 · Neosporin, sometimes known as "triple antibiotic," is a combination antibiotic ointment that contains three active ingredients: bacitracin, polymyxin B, and neomycin. Neosporin is used to help prevent skin infections in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns , as these wounds heal. Ergotamine and Caffeine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus Do not take ergotamine and caffeine if you are taking antifungals such as it...Briefly, combination antifungal therapy approaches may be used to broaden the spectrum of activity, enhance the rate or extent of killing (eg, through synergy), minimize development of resistance, or reduce toxicities [ 2 ]. Both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions are evident for antifungals, but the most common reason …More severe cases can be managed medically with either antibiotic, antifungal, or anti-parasitic agents. Patients should be counseled on proper hygiene for the affected area as well as the use of warm compresses several times daily for up to 15 minutes on the affected area. Patients should also receive counsel against scratching or …Antifungal agents are also called antimycotic agents. They kill or inactivate fungi and are used to treat fungal infections (including yeast infections). Polyene antifungals are not absorbed when given orally, so are used to treat fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as oral thrush. It can be given intravenously for treatment ...Aquaphor has an average rating of 9.4 out of 10 from a total of 6 ratings on Drugs.com. 80% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 0% reported a negative effect. Neosporin has an average rating of 6.5 out of 10 from a total of 2 ratings on Drugs.com. 50% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 50% reported a negative effect.Angular cheilitis is an inflammatory skin condition that affects the corners of the mouth, leading to painful, cracked skin. It is sometimes confused with cold sores, but unlike cold sores, angular cheilitis isn’t contagious. Angular cheilitis is usually treatable with antifungal creams, antibiotics, and diet changes.Acute otitis externa presents with pain (otalgia), redness, and swelling of the canal. It is more common in children and young adults. Tenderness on movement of the pinna or tragus is the classic ...Excessive antibiotic prescriptions as well as their misuse in agriculture are the main causes of antimicrobial resistance which poses a growing threat to public health. It necessitates the search for novel chemicals to combat drug resistance. Since ancient times, naturally occurring medicines have been employed and the enormous variety of ...Azole antifungals are a group of medicines that contain an azole ring and inhibit the growth of a wide range of fungi. They are classified into two groups: those with two nitrogens in the azole ring (the imidazoles; examples include clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and tioconazole) and those with three nitrogens in the azole ...Our vulnerability to fungal infections is exacerbated by the rise of antifungal resistance. As fungi are exposed to antifungal drugs, fungi susceptible to said drugs are …Tea tree oil, also known as melaleuca oil, is an essential oil that comes from steaming the leaves of the Australian tea tree. When used topically, tea tree oil is believed to be antibacterial. Tea tree oil is commonly used to treat acne, athlete's foot, lice, nail fungus and insect bites. Tea tree oil is available as an oil and in many over ...Find patient medical information for Triple Care Antifungal topical on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings.Candidal skin infections can be treated with a topical imidazole antifungal, such as clotrimazole, econazole nitrate, ketoconazole, or miconazole; topical terbinafine is an alternative. Topical application of nystatin is also effective for candidiasis but it is ineffective against dermatophytosis. Refractory candidiasis requires systemic ...Mechanistically, antifungal resistance is usually acquired due to changes that directly or indirectly affect the drug–target interaction. Causally, resistance may arise via genetic changes to the target binding site (for example, mutation of the genes encoding lanosterol demethylase for azoles or β-glucan synthase for echinocandins) 3, via …Engagement 365 shows you the latest of AHA's Lifelong Learning Podcasts: designed to accommodate the ever-shortening time availability of healthcare profess. Featured Podcast Unmet...Fig. 1: Antifungal mode-of-action and mechanisms of resistance. a The echinocandins function by inhibiting (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase, disrupting cell wall integrity and causing severe cell wall ...Commercial broth microdilution methods. Vitek 2 (r) yeast susceptibility test (bioMérieux, Inc.) is an automated method of yeast species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing through the analysis of yeast growth. The system provides 64-well cards containing aliquots of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, and voriconazole ...With the identification of the antifungal antibiotic solanimycin in a broad diversity of phytopathogenic Dickeya spp., we provide further support for the potential of plant-associated bacteria for the biosynthesis of novel antimicrobials. The complex regulatory networks involved in solanimycin production reflect the high metabolic cost of ...Jun 5, 2023 · Treatment involves preventive measures and topical (on the skin) treatments, including: Proper sanitary care. Fragrance-free topical treatments with zinc oxide or petrolatum (commonly called petroleum jelly) Hydrocortisone cream. Anti-yeast (antifungal) cream. Natural alternatives, such as witch hazel or breast milk. Tavaborole is a topical antifungal with a complete cure rate of 6.5%. Scientists develop 5% tavaborole topical solutions with tavaborole as the active ingredient. Dosage, frequency, and duration.Unfortunately, target-based antifungal drug discovery faces identical issues to antibiotic-based drug discovery, and has so far failed to yield a clinically applied antimicrobial [50,134,150]. One study exemplifies the difficulties that an in vitro target-based screening can encounter during translation to in vivo viability screens [ 51 ].Engagement 365 shows you the latest of AHA's Lifelong Learning Podcasts: designed to accommodate the ever-shortening time availability of healthcare profess. Featured Podcast Unmet...Apr 26, 2024 · FAQ. Neosporin is an antibacterial ointment that can help keep a cut from getting infected, but it should not be used on every type of open wound. Some wounds don't need an antibiotic and treating them with one can add to the risk of allergic reaction and antibiotic resistance. Other, deeper wounds may need care that antibiotic ointment doesn't ... A single address that holds 28% of dogecoin's total supply has investors scratching their heads as to who—or what, it belongs to. Jump to The story behind the world's largest dogec...Make these spanakopita pockets fast and extra crispy in the air fryer. One of my favorite types of dinner is snack-feast dinner. My boyfriend and I will make two or three piles of ...Neosporin Ointment is a combination medicine. It is used to treat various types of bacterial skin infections. It minimizes symptoms of skin infection such as redness, swelling, itching, etc., by acting against the infection-causing microorganisms. Neosporin Ointment is only meant for external use and should be used as advised by your doctor.Fig. 1: Antifungal mode-of-action and mechanisms of resistance. a The echinocandins function by inhibiting (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase, disrupting cell wall integrity and causing severe cell wall ...There’s an obvious appeal to off-the-shelf, “install this to fix everything!” software suites. Or, they sound great on paper, anyway: Dump an app (or a few apps) on your PC, and th...Antifungal antimicrobials are one drug class that can combat these mycoses. This activity reviews the indications, contraindications, activity, adverse events, and other critical elements of antiemetic use of antifungal antimicrobials in the clinical setting as relates to the essential points needed by members of an interprofessional team ...Jul 3, 2015 · The explanation for antibiotic enhancement of yeast growth is mainly indirect, being related with: (i) removal of organisms competing for nutrients; and (ii) removal of organisms that secrete antifungal substances. Azoles are a type of antifungal medication that a person can apply topically as a cream or insert into the vagina in the form of a suppository. For infections that enter the bloodstream, a person ...Engagement 365 shows you the latest of AHA's Lifelong Learning Podcasts: designed to accommodate the ever-shortening time availability of healthcare profess. Featured Podcast Unmet...A single address that holds 28% of dogecoin's total supply has investors scratching their heads as to who—or what, it belongs to. Jump to The story behind the world's largest dogec...Generally, treatment with antifungal drugs is required to cure the infection and prevent spread to others. Over the past decade, healthcare providers have reported increasing cases of severe and antimicrobial-resistant ringworm. 1 Antimicrobial resistance happens when bacteria or fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.Mar 7, 2022 ... Skins Cream | Ointment | Antifungal Cream ... NEOSPORIN DÉRMICO | PARA QUÉ SIRVE? ... Neosporin | Neosporin antibiotic ointment | Neosporin ointment ...May 28, 2021 · There are several causes of antifungal resistance: Improper use of antifungal medicines: When you skip doses, stop treatment too soon or receive a dose that’s too low, a fungus gets better at fighting off the medicine’s effects. Antibiotic use: Antibiotics kill harmful bacteria. But they can also kill helpful bacteria in the digestive tract. 6104924. Save 10 percent on selected Boots Brand with your Advantage Card - discount applied at basket. Treats a wide range of fungal infections of the skin. See details below, always read the label. Suitable for: Adults and children. Active ingredients: Clotrimazole. Maximum quantity reached.Antifungal drugs have already been established as an effective treatment option for Candida parapsilosis infections, but there is no universal consensus on the ideal target for clinical efficacy and safety of antifungal drugs for the treatment of C. parapsilosis infections. Few studies have directly compared the efficacies of antifungal …The main adverse effects of amphotericin B are. Nephrotoxicity (most common) Hypokalemia. Hypomagnesemia. Bone marrow suppression. Renal impairment is the major toxic risk of amphotericin B. Amphotericin B is unique among nephrotoxic antimicrobials because it is not eliminated appreciably via the kidneys and does not accumulate as …Be safe dressing up your chicken. Fear not: the Center for Disease Control and Prevention is not in the business of telling Americans they can’t dress up their poultry. Last week t...May 28, 2021 · There are several causes of antifungal resistance: Improper use of antifungal medicines: When you skip doses, stop treatment too soon or receive a dose that’s too low, a fungus gets better at fighting off the medicine’s effects. Antibiotic use: Antibiotics kill harmful bacteria. But they can also kill helpful bacteria in the digestive tract. Lotrisone. Nystatin. Gramicidin. Betamethasone. Triamcinolone Acetonide. Clotrimazole. Neomycin. Superficial fungal infections are among the most commonly managed skin problems by general practitioners. Although evidence shows combination antifungal/corticosteroid topicals are more expensive and less effective than single …For instance, the antibiotic mupirocin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria like MRSA, and metronidazole works well against anaerobic bacteria . ... These oils offer several benefits in wound care due to their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects [45,46,47].Indices Commodities Currencies StocksAntifungal cream, if the condition was from candida yeast; Steroid creams that can relieve balanitis caused by skin disease or an allergic reaction; To help with swelling, ...Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health challenge that poses a global threat [].In the United States, at least 2 million people acquire and at least 23,000 people die each year from an antibiotic-resistant infection [].Approaches to optimize antibiotic use and contain antimicrobial resistance have been recommended …Feb 1, 2024 · An antifungal cream, if your baby has a fungal infection. Antibiotic medicine taken by mouth, if your baby has a bacterial infection. A diaper rash might take several days to improve, depending on how severe it is. A rash may come back again and again. Neosporin (Bacitracin, Neomycin, And Polymyxin B (Topical)) received an overall rating of 6 out of 10 stars from 2 reviews. See what others have said about Neosporin (Bacitracin, N...See a pharmacist or GP if you think you have a fungal infection. They can advise you on which antifungal medicine is best for you. If you take too much ...An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few ...Treatment involves preventive measures and topical (on the skin) treatments, including: Proper sanitary care. Fragrance-free topical treatments with zinc oxide or petrolatum (commonly called petroleum jelly) Hydrocortisone cream. Anti-yeast (antifungal) cream. Natural alternatives, such as witch hazel or breast milk.Antibiotic, for the purpose of this review, is loosely defined as natural (produced by microorganisms) or synthetic compounds that in low concentration inhibit the growth of microbes or kill them. ... GV is an inexpensive drug with a long history of topical use as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. The precise mechanism of action of GV is ...Antifungal cream, if the condition was from candida yeast; Steroid creams that can relieve balanitis caused by skin disease or an allergic reaction; To help with swelling, ...There are several causes of antifungal resistance: Improper use of antifungal medicines: When you skip doses, stop treatment too soon or receive a dose that’s too low, a fungus gets better at fighting off the medicine’s effects. Antibiotic use: Antibiotics kill harmful bacteria. But they can also kill helpful bacteria in the digestive tract.Aug 25, 2022 · Antifungal cream, if the condition was from candida yeast; Steroid creams that can relieve balanitis caused by skin disease or an allergic reaction; To help with swelling, ... 2. Overview of Antifungal Agents and Their Mechanisms of Action. Since the 1950s, more than 200 polyenes with antifungal activity have been discovered; however, amphotericin B remains the single polyene drug of choice in the treatment of invasive fungal infections []. 5-Flucytosine was first designed and used as the antimetabolite in cancer …People use miconazole (Desenex, Micatin) to treat ringworm, jock itch, and athlete’s foot. It comes as a cream, powder, tincture, or spray. People apply miconazole twice per day, and symptoms ...Ascomycin, an antifungal antibiotic. Ascomycin, an antifungal antibiotic J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1962 Nov;15:231-2. Authors T ARAI, Y KOUAMA, T SUENAGA, H HONDA. PMID: 14040785 No abstract available. MeSH terms Anti-Bacterial Agents* Antifungal Agents* ...Pros. Dermatologist recommended. Terbinafine kills jock itch-causing fungus. Easy-to-apply cream formula. Cons. May add moisture. As another treatment option, Dr. Rodney also recommends ...With the identification of the antifungal antibiotic solanimycin in a broad diversity of phytopathogenic Dickeya spp., we provide further support for the potential of plant-associated bacteria for the biosynthesis of novel antimicrobials. The complex regulatory networks involved in solanimycin production reflect the high metabolic cost of ... Acute otitis externa presents with pain (otalgia), redness, and swelling of the canal. It is more common in children and young adults. Tenderness on movement of the pinna or tragus is the classic ... Antifungal creams. If a fungus is responsible for your posthitis, your provider will prescribe an antifungal cream to treat the infection. Common antifungal creams include clotrimazole (Lotrimin®), econazole (Spectazole®), miconazole (Neosporin AF®) and sulconazole (Exelderm®). Apply the cream to your foreskin as prescribed by your ...Fungal infections are any disease or condition you get from a fungus. They usually affect your skin, hair, nails or mucous membranes but they can also infect your lungs or other parts of your body. You’re at higher risk for fungal infections if you have a weakened immune system. Antifungal medications are usually used to treat fungal infections.Over the same 48 weeks of treatment, terbinafine pills cured 38% of nail fungus cases. Topical medicines were less effective. Tavaborole (Kerydin) had a cure rate of 6.5%, ciclopirox (Loprox ...Jun 5, 2023 · Treatment involves preventive measures and topical (on the skin) treatments, including: Proper sanitary care. Fragrance-free topical treatments with zinc oxide or petrolatum (commonly called petroleum jelly) Hydrocortisone cream. Anti-yeast (antifungal) cream. Natural alternatives, such as witch hazel or breast milk. In the 20th century the introduction of antibiotic and antifungal drugs, the use of topical antimicrobials that could be applied to burns, and widespread adoption of early excision and grafting all helped to dramatically increase survival. ... Neosporin is a broad spectrum antibiotic ointment containing three different antibiotics: bacitracin ... Candidal skin infections can be treated with a topical imidazole antifungal, such as clotrimazole, econazole nitrate, ketoconazole, or miconazole; topical terbinafine is an alternative. Topical application of nystatin is also effective for candidiasis but it is ineffective against dermatophytosis. Refractory candidiasis requires systemic ... Many spices—such as clove, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, and cumin—possessed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against food spoilage bacteria like Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, harmful fungi like Aspergillus flavus, even …Neosporin, sometimes known as "triple antibiotic," is a combination antibiotic ointment that contains three active ingredients: bacitracin, polymyxin B, and neomycin. Neosporin is used to help prevent skin infections in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, as these wounds heal. But it's not meant to treat animal bites, serious burns, or deep ...In contrast, although there has been a single, unconfirmed report of degradation of nystatin by dermatophytic fungi , there are no data to suggest that antibiotic modification is an important mechanism of antifungal resistance. On the other hand, accumulating evidence suggests that both target alterations and reduced access to targets ...More severe cases can be managed medically with either antibiotic, antifungal, or anti-parasitic agents. Patients should be counseled on proper hygiene for the affected area as well as the use of warm compresses several times daily for up to 15 minutes on the affected area. Patients should also receive counsel against scratching or …Many spices—such as clove, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, and cumin—possessed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against food spoilage bacteria like Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, harmful fungi like Aspergillus flavus, even …Boots Antifungal Cream - 20g. Free next day delivery on selected medicines when you use code HEALTHFNDD, order by 8pm - online only. £5.59. 20G | £27.95 per 100G. View product. Offer.Jun 1, 2023 · Antibiotic or antifungal ear drops may be used to treat outer ear infections, while corticosteroid (steroid) ear drops can help ease inflammation and pain. Middle Ear Infections According to guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, a watchful-waiting approach is preferred in most children with acute otitis media. Antifungal stewardship refers to coordinated interventions to monitor and direct the appropriate use of antifungal agents in order to achieve the best clinical outcomes and minimize selective pressure and adverse events. 1 The principles of antifungal stewardship ... many ASPs have focused initial efforts on reducing …Combined corticosteroid and antibiotic/antifungal preparations: Clioquinol with corticosteroid: Flumetasone pivalate 0.02%, clioquinol 1% *Aluminum acetate 8% can be made by diluting 8 parts aluminum acetate ear drops (13%) with 5 parts purified water (must be freshly prepared before use). †Available to buy over-the-counter.An antifungal cream, if your baby has a fungal infection. Antibiotic medicine taken by mouth, if your baby has a bacterial infection. A diaper rash might take several days to improve, depending on how severe it is. A rash may come back again and again.Miconazole belongs to the group of medicines called antifungals. Topical miconazole is used to treat some types of fungus infections. Some of these preparations may be available without a prescription. This product is available in the following dosage forms: Solution.Left unchecked, the fungus could spread to other parts of your body and make you ill. When treatment is necessary, it usually involves a topical medication or antifungal medications. Oral antifungal medications taken for about six months are the most effective. These drugs help a new nail grow free of infection, slowly replacing the infected part.Toelieva Antifungal Liquid Solution features another ingredient that kills toenail fungus, called undecylenic acid. “Undecylenic acid is a topical OTC antifungal, and is in preparations to treat ...Drugs & Medications. Neosporin Ointment - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Generic Name (S): neomycin-bacitracnzn-polymyxnb , neomycin-bacitracin-polymyxin. Uses. This … 6104924. Save 10 percent on selected Boots Brand with your Advantage Card - discount applied at basket. Treats a wide range of fungal infections of the skin. See details below, always read the label. Suitable for: Adults and children. Active ingredients: Clotrimazole. Maximum quantity reached. The need for dual antifungal therapy stems from the ongoing risk of invasive fungal infection and the significant mortality related to fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients. In an analysis of lethal infectious complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, it has been found that infections are related to 11% of deaths.
Introduction. Recently non-albicans Candida has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in blood stream infections.Some species of the Candida are becoming increasingly resistant to first line and second line antifungals such as echinocandins and fluconazole. In view of increasing global antifungal resistance, role of …. Prefab homes wi
Azole antifungals are a group of medicines that contain an azole ring and inhibit the growth of a wide range of fungi. They are classified into two groups: those with two nitrogens in the azole ring (the imidazoles; examples include clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and tioconazole) and those with three nitrogens in the azole ...Treatment involves preventive measures and topical (on the skin) treatments, including: Proper sanitary care. Fragrance-free topical treatments with zinc oxide or petrolatum (commonly called petroleum jelly) Hydrocortisone cream. Anti-yeast (antifungal) cream. Natural alternatives, such as witch hazel or breast milk.Get rid of the antibiotic or antifungal Germs get rid of antibiotics using pumps in their cell walls to remove antibiotic drugs that enter the cell. Example: Some Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria can produce pumps to get rid of several different important antibiotic drugs, including fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.Otic anti-infectives are generally available as ear drops and contain anti-infective agents that either have antibacterial or antifungal activity. These agents either kill or inhibit bacterial or fungal growth. They are used to treat bacterial or fungal infections of the ear.Neosporin AF (Topical) Generic name: miconazole [ mye-KON-a-zole ] Brand names: Aloe Vesta 2-N-1 Antifungal, Aloe Vesta Antifungal, Baza Antifungal, Carrington Antifungal, Derma Gran AF, ... show all 22 brands. Drug classes: Topical antifungals, Vaginal anti-infectives. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com.Left unchecked, the fungus could spread to other parts of your body and make you ill. When treatment is necessary, it usually involves a topical medication or antifungal medications. Oral antifungal medications taken for about six months are the most effective. These drugs help a new nail grow free of infection, slowly replacing the infected part.The antifungal activity of lipid-formulated amphotericin B at doses of 3–5 mg/kg is comparable to that of 0.6–1.0 mg/kg of amphotericin B deoxycholate ... (Etest)—the diffusion-gradient method used to determine the minimal concentration of antibiotic inhibiting growth of the organism. With this technique, it is possible to accurately ...Antifungal shampoos (long-term) and topical corticosteroids (short-term) can be used as second-line agents for treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin ...Antifungal resistance may be the result of long-term exposure to the drug but may also be an intrinsic quality of a particular Candida or mold species. So, while the rate of microbiological resistance to antifungal drugs is lower than that for antibacterial drugs, it still represents a major clinical challenge .One of the approaches to avoid such a catastrophe is to advance rapid antibiotic and antifungal susceptibility tests. In this study, we present a compact, optical fiber-based nanomotion sensor to achieve this goal by monitoring the dynamic nanoscale oscillation of a cantilever related to microorganism viability.This medication is also used to treat a skin condition known as pityriasis (tinea versicolor), a fungal infection that causes a lightening or darkening of the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. Miconazole is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus.Angular cheilitis is an inflammatory skin condition that affects the corners of the mouth, leading to painful, cracked skin. It is sometimes confused with cold sores, but unlike cold sores, angular cheilitis isn’t contagious. Angular cheilitis is usually treatable with antifungal creams, antibiotics, and diet changes.Intravenous Antibiotic and Antifungal Agent Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Dosing in Adults with Severe Burn Injury Clin Ther. 2016 Sep;38 ... Findings: Evidence-based doses were derived for burn-injured patients for 15 antibiotics and 2 antifungal agents. Published data were unavailable or insufficient for several agents important to the care ....